The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman - 1116 Words

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† written by Charlotte Gilman is a chilling portrayal of a woman’s downward spiral towards madness after undergoing treatment for postpartum depression in the 1800’s. The narrator, whose name remains nameless, represents the hundreds of middle to upper- class women who were diagnosed with â€Å"hysteria† and prescribed a â€Å"rest† treatment. Although Gilman’s story was a heroic attempt to â€Å"save people from being driven crazy† (Gilman p 1) by this type of â€Å"cure† it was much more. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† opened the eyes of many to the apparent oppression of women in the 1800’s and â€Å"possibly the only way they could (unconsciously) resist or protest their traditional ‘feminine’†¦show more content†¦It was thought â€Å"that reproductivity was central to a women’s biological life† and a woman must â€Å"concentrate their physical ene rgy internally, toward the womb† (Ehrenreich and English p44). Many women’s disorders were termed hysteria derived from the Greek word hystera, meaning womb. It was thought these disorders originated from the womb since this was the main aspect of a woman’s life. These types of treatments were not necessarily a need for medical attention to women’s disorders but instead a simple way to maintain the women’s role in the 1800’s: the domestic stay- at- home care-giver. Women needed to remain at home caring for man and their offspring. Doctors and Educators were quick to draw the obvious conclusion that, for women, higher education could be physically dangerous. Too much development of the brain, they counseled, would atrophy the uterus. Reproductive development was totally antagonistic to mental development. (Ehrenreich and English p 45) The story begins with the narrator writing in her journal. She introduces her temporary living situation and surprisingly already shows concern over her treatment for her depression. So I take phosphates or phosphites- whichever it is, and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again. Personally, I disagree with their idea. Personally, I believe that congenial work, withShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Gilman992 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The yellow wallpaper† The Yellow Wallpaper is a story about women’s repression in the 19th century. This story shows an immense difference between men and women inside society. While the men are the one making the decisions and taking responsibility, women must accept their obligations. The protagonist is repressed and appear for the effect of the oppression of women in society. This effect is develop by the use of complex symbols such as, the room, the wallpaper, the window which facilitates herRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Gilman958 Words   |  4 Pagesbabies. 100 years ago this wasn’t a diagnosis, it was very common and plenty of women went through it. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Gilman, talks about how the main character in the story was suffering from postpartum depression, schizophrenia and obsession. These depressions led her to write this story to expose physician’s misdiagnoses and lack of understanding. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860 in Hartford Connecticut, her childhood led to depression and her suicide. Her father abandonedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Gilman1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper, written by the famous Charlotte Perkins, is a captivating short story published in 1892 that presents the story from the perspective of the narrator. This story is quite fascinating and readers may easily view it from different perspectives. For example, some readers may interpret it as a medical critique while others may view it as feminist allegory. In this short story, Charlotte Gilman uses her personal experiences with pregnancy, especially the depression and anxiety thatRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Gilman1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe yellow wallpaper by charlotte Gilman is about a woman who slowly descends into madness trying to please herself and have a voice even though she is a woman in a time that is is expected for her to obe y her husband and be the wife he wants her to be. This short story took many years to be published, one publisher even wrote in a rejection letter to Gillman that stated â€Å"I could not forgive myself if I made others as miserable as I have made myself by reading this† (Stephens, 1997). The commentRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Gilman1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, written by Charlotte Gilman, presents as a feminist text written in protest to the treatment of women by a male dominated society. The story is told from the narrator’s perspective, a woman who’s name we never learn. A woman suffering from post-natal-depression who is prescribed the remedy of the day, a course of treatment known as â€Å"rest cure†, in which the sufferer is confined to bed and not allowed to partake in the activities of daily life. This extendedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Gilman Essay1205 Words   |à ‚  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Gilman examines the negative effects of the â€Å"rest cure†, a common approach used in the nineteenth century to treat women suffering from severe nervous symptoms (Bassuk 245). The text not only condemns the callous, medical treatment that the narrator endures, but, it also addresses the misogynistic beliefs and the resulting gender inequalities that endorse the use of such treatments. This theme is made explicit in the narrator’s persistent attempts to escape theRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Gilman1582 Words   |  7 Pageshusbands want them to do, as well as what society wants them to do. Charlotte Gilman published The Yellow Wallpaper in 1892 and wrote this short story because she experienced the same confinement that the narrator did. The narrator s role in the family in the short story, The Yellow Wallpaper, represents the ideals and attitudes toward gender roles in the Victorian Era which will evolve into present-day ideas and roles. Gilman s use of confinement throughout the story provides context as to howRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Gilman964 Words   |  4 Pageslearn from this experience. Reading scholarly articles was not easy at all. They were long and had many words I did not understand; it was actually the first time I had ever read scholarly articles. I choose the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Gilman. The Yellow Wallpaper was a good story to write about because it was challenging and interesting. Writing a research paper could be challenging in so many level; it test your knowledge and skills. For example, having to fully understand theRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1362 Words   |  6 Pagesas freaks. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, both of these elements are present. Gilman did a wonderful job portraying how women are not taken seriously and how lightly mental illnesses are taken. Gilman had, too, had firsthand experience with the physician in the story. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s believes that there really was no difference in means of way of thinking between men or women is strongly. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story about a woman whoRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1547 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman s career as a leading feminists and social activist translated into her writing as did her personal life. Gilman s treatment for her sever e depression and feelings of confinement in her marriage were paralleled by the narrator in her shorty story, The Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her parents, Mary Fitch Perkins and Fredrick Beecher Perkins, divorced in 1869. Her dad, a distinguished librarian and magazine editor

hamlet Essay - 1402 Words

Appearance can be defined as a superficial aspect; a semblance; or pretending something is the case in order to make a good impression. Reality on the other hand can be defined as the state of being actual or real; the state of the world as it really is rather than as you might want it to be. It is undeniably noticeable that throughout Shakespeare’s Hamlet many characters are playing roles: acting rather than being. This unquestionably reminds the reader of reality, where a person can play various roles. In reality, as well as in the play, it is not always easy to distinguish what is true from what only appears to be true. Throughout Hamlet, Shakespeare illuminates the theme of appearance versus reality by portraying principal characters.†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, in the same scene, Polonius forbids Ophelia to see Hamlet, who tells her that he loves her. Although Polonius knows this is true, he belittles Ophelia telling her that Hamlet is young and eager, and does not truly care for and love her: â€Å"Ay, springes to catch woodcocks. I do know, /When the flood burns, how prodigal the soul† (I.iii.120-121). Throughout the play, Polonius only appears to be an honest and true politician, but his appearance is far from his true nature. Behind all this, lies someone completely different: a manipulating, eaves dropping, liar. Another prime example of a character that portrays this theme, and perhaps a more obvious one, is Hamlet. He claims he is righteous and honest to himself, but in truth Hamlet is acting most of the time in the play: and furthermore, he knows it. He begins to expose his true motives and nature when he learns that his uncle Claudius, the new king, has murdered his father, the late Lord Hamlet. Hamlet is sickened by the thought of his own blood committing such a sin, and furthermore is appalled by the fact that his uncle is sleeping with his mother: â€Å"[†¦] – Frailty, thy name is woman – / A little month, or ere those shoes were old / With which she followed my poor father’s body /,† (I.ii.147-150). It is in Act III, where the reader truly sees what Hamlet is capable of, and where his true rage comes out: â€Å"[†¦] Now could I drink hot blood, /And do such bitterShow MoreRelatedHamlet Madness In Hamlet1293 Words   |  6 Pages When reading Shakespeare’s Hamlet as a class, the first thing that most teachers or professors point out is the argument/idea of sanity, specifically Hamlets sanity. I believe that Hamlet is, in fact, feigning his madness. What I do not know is if I believe this because it is what I was taught or if I came up with the idea myself based on my own interpretation. When I was taught Hamlet there was no argument it was just fact that he was faking his madness. Because of my confusion, I came to findRead MoreHamlet1304 Words   |  6 Pagesunderlying themes of revenge, incest, and suicide, William Shakespeare’s Hamlet was remembered by many Elizabethan Era viewers as both a philosophical and oft-debated masterpiece (Dickson). These controversial themes attracted viewers everywhere, enticing them to see the play. One scene in particular from the original text of the play where this proves true is act IV, scene iv, lines 31-65, in which the titular character Hamlet decides tha t the time for revenge is at hand in an insightful soliloquyRead MoreHamlet787 Words   |  4 PagesElements of Drama: A Review of Hamlet Elements of Drama: A Review of Hamlet The way an artist creates a sculpture is similar to the tactics of a drama writer. While artist focus on the color and shape of their creations, writers of drama focus on specific elements. In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses plot, character, setting, staging, and theme to create a well-rounded story. One of the first elements of drama is plot. Considered to be the foundation, plot is theRead MoreHamlet As The Tragic Hero Of The Play Hamlet 1314 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to better understand Hamlet one must first asses, and define man. According to webster dictionary a man is a male often having the qualities associated with bravery,script or toughness(site webster dictionary www.define a man.com here). We know the male figure is known to exhibit distinctive male traits such as strength, dignity, courage and be a provider and supporter. As seen in Hamlet one must understand the male figure to better understand Hamlet and why the male behave in such waysRead MoreHamlet Analysis : Hamlet 1149 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish December 7, 2015 Hamlet Analysis Prince Hamlet is a man who enjoys contemplating difficult philosophical questions. When his father the king of Denmark, was killed by his uncle. when Hamlet returns he sees his ghost after he returns home to find evidence of his father’s death. The Ghost of Hamlet tells Prince Hamlet that his uncle Claudius his uncle was the one who killed his father with poison of the ear. Throughout the rest of the story with him, Hamlet seeks to prove his uncle ClaudiusRead More Character of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet is a man of many discoveries. The tragic hero in Shakespeares Hamlet undergoes many changes throughout the play. His mindset is set deep and far away from the physical world that both helps him and hinders him in his plight for revenge against his uncle, Claudius, and his mother. When Hamlet is first introduced in Act I, Scene II, the reader is shown the depths of his sorrow. The King asks Hamlet How is it that the clouds still hangRead MoreHamlet : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1259 Words   |  6 PagesOmar Sancho Professor Christopher Cook English 201-0810 Hamlet Paper 23 May 2016 Hamlet Character Analysis â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.†(Act 2, Scene 2, 239-251) Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays written that conveys a multitude theme. But most predominant is the presence of Hamlet s obsession with philosophy of life, throughout the play Hamlet philosophy reviles his point of view love, loyalty, the importance of family and friendsRead MoreOphelia and Hamlet in The Tragedy of Hamlet Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesOphelia and Hamlet In 1600, William Shakespeare composed what is considered the greatest tragedy of all time, Hamlet, the tragedy of the Prince of Denmark. His masterpiece forever redefined what tragedy should be. Critics have analyzed it word for word for nearly four hundred years, with each generation appreciating Hamlet in its own way. While Hamlet conforms, without a doubt, to Aristotles definition of a tragedy, one question still lingers. Did Shakespeare intend for the reader or viewerRead More Hamlet Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesThe Revenge of Prince Hamlet nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shakespeare’s, Hamlet, is a wonderfully written play that has many tangled webs of lies, betrayal, and revenge. The play starts off with the death of Hamlets father, the king. One night Hamlet sees the ghost of his dead father. The ghost speaks to Hamlet and tells him that he was killed by Claudius. Claudius, who is Hamlets uncle, has recently become the new king and as well married Hamlets fathers wife, GertrudeRead More Hamlet Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pages Perhaps the most famous soliloquy in literature, these words reflect the state of desperation in which Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, finds himself as he contemplates suicide. His father, the King, has died. His mother, the Queen, has remarried within a month of the Kings passing, an act which has disturbed young Hamlet in and of it. To make it worse, she has married the Kings brother, Hamlets uncle, who is now the King of Denmark. As Hamlets despair deepens, he learns through the appearance

Business Decision and Management of StayTogether Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Decision of StayTogether. Answer: Introduction Businesses today face a lot of challenges in attracting and retaining customers more so, because of the increased demands made by the consumers who want efficient services at minimal prices. The challenges have pushed the organization to adopt new and dynamic solutions that offer better financial outcomes. Decision management systems (DMS) are such solutions that offer operational efficiencies by outlining business decisions based on existing and future conditions (DMS, 2017). Now, StayTogether, a conglomerate or company merger between ten hotel chains serves a good example of the application DMS strategies as outlined by their business proposal. StayTogether outline four major decisions; one, rewarding loyal customers to enhance their relationship. Two, offering free meals inclusive of the hotel rooms payment. Three, giving rebates in the form of credit which can be used to pay for meals or accommodation and finally, enhancing their social responsibility. In light of these changes, this report will give a critical analysis of these business decisions on account of the existing market environments characterised by high demands and financial pressures. Furthermore, the report will provide substantial recommendations in the form of ICT systems that can enhance the companys performance thus increase its competitive advantage. Outline of the management decisions In many ways, organisations are similar in that they try to adopt the best business practices that will yield the best results (Yu, To Lee, 2012). Management and the decisions they take are part of these practices that can either result in the desired outcomes such as those of StayTogether where they hope to increase their customer base while retaining the existing customers. Moreover, they hope to improve their business performance by improving their brand while incorporating the concepts of information technology (IT) and Information systems (IS). However, in the modern era of globalisation these objectives are better said than done, for one, technology (IS and IT) will only work effectively if the underlying business concepts are satisfactory to meet the needs of the market (Namani, 2010). This requirement necessitates the business decisions taken. Customer loyalty schemes To engage customers and to enhance their overall experience, organisations like StayTogether will reward them with incentives such as free meals or holiday gifts. Moreover, these rewards are given to the most loyal customers as a show of appreciation and also as an added incentive to new customers on the treatment offered to those who constantly engage with the organisation. As a business strategy, loyalty programs are known to increase a businesss revenues as they enhance the relationship formed between the company and the consumers. Moreover, it facilitates a better brand image by giving the loyal customers a sense ownership through the reward and appreciation incentives given (bLoyal, 2016). Therefore, with this decision, StayTogether is set to realise its business objective more so those of retaining their existing customers as well as improving their brand's image. Furthermore, they can bank on the results seen in other organisations where the likes of Starbucks and Walmart have seen a substantial increase in revenues as a result of the reward programs they offer to their customers. For instance, Starbucks was noted to have highlighted a 13 percent increase in sales in 2013 as a result of their loyalty program (Fiscal annual report, 2013). Nevertheless, these outcomes are a result of the business advantages this decision offers; for one they drastically change the behaviours of the customers who increase their understanding of the companys product/services in an attempt of earning more rewards. In the process, they spend more and continuously engage with the said organisation (bLoyalty, 2016). Consequently, the clients are more satisfied with the services which encourage them to promote the organisation to other consumers thus increasing the business referrals (Butt, 2016). Free meals in the form of buffets A smart business decision that offers StayTogether a good promotional avenue where the marketing department can heavily advertise on. Basically, the branches having hotels and restaurants will offer free meals to customers through the overall package paid while booking the accommodations. However, despite the benefits of the strategy i.e. a promotional avenue, customer incentive and a better brand image etc. this decision does raise serious concerns particularly on the management of the free meals given (Ozimek, 2012). Free prices and rewards will always invoke the curiosity of the users, who in most cases will try to maximise of the plan provided. Moreover, customers today are more informed as facilitated by the digital medium and will have a deeper understanding of the free meal initiative i.e. its inclusive of the payment at hand. Therefore, they will maximise on the offer in an attempt to beat the conditions set. On the other hand, StayTogether will always try to maintain the consumption of the customers below the amount paid. So, how do the company maintain the consumption of the customers while satisfying their needs? A dynamic and holistic assessment supported by a modern IS system is needed to regulate the offers visa vie the existing market conditions. In essence, the restaurant should not offer extended services while making losses due to prices of raw materials. The system should adapt to offer what it can when it can and at the prices paid by the clients (Savolainen, 2010). Rebates in the form of credit StayTogether proposes a simple rebate program where customers who use the airlines affiliated with the organisation are offered rebates in the form of credit that can be used to earn extra services either as meals or extra night accommodation. According to Lu and Moorthy (2007), rebates, as well as coupons, are strategies of price discrimination where price sensitive consumer use them to earn services that they would otherwise not get without extra payments. Moreover, as a concept to enhance business performance, rebates affect a significant number of customers, 30 percent to be precise (Lu Moorthy, 2007) which increases the loyalty of the customers particularly the price-sensitive clients. In addition to this, consider the operational principles of rebates where users are given an opportunity to earn more rewards be it monetary or otherwise provided they put more effort on the terms offered by the organization (Tandon, 2017). In this case, rebates serve as an indirect promotional venture that not only reward customers but also one that gives a substantial reason to invest in the services given (Silk Janiszewski, 2004). Therefore, through this business decision, StayTogether will enhance its customer relations while improving its corporate image as a result of the client it will provide to the chosen travel agency or company. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) CSR offers organisation an avenue to promote their core values which in return engages the surrounding community and environment. In todays world, the concepts of environmental conservation and communal responsibility are at an all-time high and organisations like StayTogether are obliged to meet the needs of the society otherwise they risk losing business. Now, StayTogether initiative of providing customers with an avenue to give back to the community will enhance its relationship not only with the customers but also with the immediate community as a whole. For one, people will always feel a sense of fulfilment and accomplishment when they give back to the community. Therefore, customers will spend more on some occasions in an effort to increase the value of the 1 percent offered to the charity of their choice (Davis, 2017). Application of IS and IT In an effort to maximise its performance, StayTogether is set to reinvent it IS and IT systems by providing services through a single website, functioning across all mobile platforms i.e. PCs and other mobile devices. First, information system stands for the management tools used to perform an organisations operational activities while information technology is the underlying facilities that support these systems (IS). In both cases, several issues are set to affect the operations conducted by the business. For one, IS require quality data to operate which highlights the first problem of acquiring quality data in an era characterised by big data. Secondly, maintenance of the said system will fall on the organisation itself and its affiliated branches. Thirdly, the use of IS may be challenging to the users such as new customers who desire to book services, either internally or externally (Markgraf, 2017). On the other hand, IT will have two fundamental challenges, one compatibility and maintenance. Compatibility because the organisation is based in different areas having different facilities thus unifying communication will serve as a major challenge. Secondly, due to frequent market changes, the IT systems will have to adapt on a regular basis which further complicates the compatibility problems. In general, these issues could delay the objectives set by the organisation in increasing the customer base, for instance, users with minimal literacy may find it difficult to book facilities if the companys system is completely automated (Marthandan Tang, 1997). However, these setbacks are minimal as compared to the benefits that the technological systems can offer as highlighted below. Conclusion Its crucial to have versatile business strategies today especially in dynamic markets such as those exhibited in the Hotelling industry. Business decisions such as those highlighted above should be able to adapt and change based on the market trends to meet the objectives of an organisation. This versatility can be adequately provided by technology through information systems such as ERP (enterprise resource planning) where in-house resources are monitored and managed effectively to give optimal results. Furthermore, this system can be incorporated with SCM (supply chain management) and CRM (customer relationship management) systems to coordinate the external variables i.e. suppliers (input) and customers (end users). In essence, the integration of these concepts can lead to a holistic system that can offer a seamless transition of business operations that in the end increases the efficiency of the services offered to the clients. In addition to this, StayTogether can venture into other digital environments such as social media to increase its digital footprint thus increase its marketing avenues. Moreover, through social media, the organisation can engage more customers on a one-on-one basis meeting their needs at a minimal cost. Furthermore, it is through social media that the company can advocate for other business ventures such as automatic booking systems, tour guides and real-time service systems that can engage remote customers in different locations of the world. As an example consider a customer in Europe who could visit a park in Australia remotely through the real-time system offered. In the end, these ventures supported by good business decisions and technology can enhance the companys performance thus improve its overall earnings. References Butt. A. (2016). Pricing Strategies Top 7 Types of Rebate Deals. Deal track. Retrieved 09 May, 2017, from: https://blog.deal-track.com/pricing-strategies-top-7-types-of-rebate-deals BLoyal. (2017). Why Loyalty Programs are Essential for Every Retailer. Retrieved 09 May, 2017, from: https://www.bloyal.com/loyalty-programs-essential-for-every-retailer/ Davis. S. (2017). Examples of Social Responsibility Strategies. Chron. Retrieved 09 May, 2017, from: smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-social-responsibility-strategies-10633.html DMS. (2017). Decision Management Systems Platform Technologies Report. Retrieved 09 May, 2017, from: https://www.decisionmanagementsolutions.com/decision-management-platform-technology/ Johnson. S. (2017). Levels of Management Decision Making. Chron. Retrieved 09 May, 2017, from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/levels-management-decision-making-58222.html Lu. Q Moorthy. S. (2007). Coupons Versus Rebates. Marketing science. Retrieved 10 May, 2017, from: https://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/users/hsiaolu/lesson/9909.pdf Markgraf. B. (2017). Common Problems in Management Information Systems. Chron. Retrieved 10 May, 2017, from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/common-problems-management-information-systems-63376.html Marthandan. G Tang. C. (1997). Information technology evaluation: issues and challenges. Journal of Systems and Information Technology. Retrieved 10 May, 2017, from: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/13287261011032643 Namani. M. (2010). The role of information systems in management decision making-an theoretical approach. Information management. Retrieved 10 May, 2017, from: https://manager.faa.ro/download/561_1211.pdf. Ozimek. A. (2012). The Economics of All-You-Can-Eat Buffets. Forbes. Retrieved 09 May, 2017, from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/modeledbehavior/2012/05/23/the-economics-of-all-you-can-eat-buffets/#3cbda99c1d6a Savolainen. T. (2010). Improving customer loyalty through a regular customer program. Final thesis report. Retrieved 09 May, 2017, from: https://theseus32-kk.lib.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/16386/Savolainen_Teemu.pdf?sequence=2 Starbuck Corporation. (2013). Fiscal 2013 annual report. Retrieved 09 May, 2017, from: https://s21.q4cdn.com/369030626/files/doc_financials/2013/Starbucks-Fiscal-2013-Annual-Report-FINAL.PDF Silk. T Janiszewski. C. (2004). Managing Mail-in Rebate Promotions. Retrieved 10 May, 2017, from: https://warrington.ufl.edu/departments/mkt/docs/janiszewski/Rebate.pdf Tandon. D. (2017). How to Transform Your Sales Rebate Strategy from Problematic to Profitable. The Kini group. Retrieved 09 May, 2017, from: https://thekinigroup.com/sales-rebate-strategy/ Timms. J. (2011). Introduction to business and management. Undergraduate study in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences. Retrieved 09 May, 2017, from: https://www.londoninternational.ac.uk/sites/default/files/programme_resources/lse/lse_pdf/subject_guides/mn1107_ch1-4.pdf Yu. B, To. W Lee. P. (2012). Quality management framework for public management decision making. Management Decision. Retrieved 10 May, 2017, from: https://www.irantahgig.ir/wp-content/uploads/10017.pdf